Crude oil's viscosity can vary from a low-viscosity liquid to up to tar-like, nearly solid form. Classification according to the API degree: Light crude oil: API gravity higher than 31.1 °API (less than 870 kg/m³) Medium crude oil: API gravity from 31.1 °API to 22.3 °API (870 to 920 kg/m³) Physical and Chemical Properties of Crude Oil and Oil Products 1- Density, Specific Gravity, and API Gravity Density is defined as mass per unit volume of a fluid. Density is a state function and for a pure compound depends on both temperature and pressure and is shown by ρ. Liquid densities decrease as temperature increases but the effect of pressure on liquid densities at The average oil gravity of the Bakken formation is around 42 °API, indicating that the crude oil is light. Nojabaei et al. (2013) reported that the range for gas oil ratio (GOR) is from 507 to 1712 SCF/bbl and bubble point pressure varies from 1617 to 3403 psi based on the field production data from different location in the Bakken formation.

gasoline, diesel, fuel oil and crude oil, it was observed that a significant A number of density (or Specific Gravity or API) test methods are discussed in this report. The density at another temperature, Guide 1250 can be used only if the glass  ABSTRACT Ultrasonic flow meters, in addition to calculating flow rate, measure the speed of sound in the fluid at the local fluid pressure and temperature. (temperature and pressure). Crude oil is classified into five categories based on the measured density (API gravity). Crude oil properties are estimated from  Each colored line represents a crude oil with a given density at a given temperature. If the temperature changes, the density of the crude oil changes along the colored line. Examples of the use of the figures are given below the figures. If you have the crude density given in °API, use the API-to-gravity converter. Extra-heavy crude oil: API gravity below 10 °API (higher than 1000 kg/m³) The API degrees indicate whether a crude oil floats on water or sinks. Light crude oils flow easily and contain more volatile components, while extra-heavy crude oils are highly viscous to nearly tar-like and show a higher density. Water - Specific Volume - Online calculator, figures and tables showing Specific Volume of water at temperatures ranging from 0-370 °C and 32 - 700 °F - Imperial and IS Units; Yield structure of crude oils with increasing density of crude - Yields of different crude oil distillation cuts are plotted as function of whole crude specific gravity. Fractions based on European and North American markets, and the typical differences in crude oil fractionation in the two markets are also shown.

7 Jun 2011 In relationship to liquids, the term specific gravity is used to describe the weight or density of a Like specific gravity, viscosity can be altered by a change in temperature, but unlike specific gravity it Another version will determine the concentration of anti-freeze in an automobile radiator. Crude oil 48º.

For this study, density, viscosity and pour point of all crude oils is measured Viscosity of Malaysian crude oils at different temperatures at shear rate of 100 ( sec-1) Furthermore, it will affect crude oil to have low specific gravity, viscosity and  Specific heat of petroleum oils of various gravities in Btu./lb. °F. or cal./g °C__. 28 Densities are also expressed in terms of specific gravity, defined by Saturation temperatures frequently differ considerably for different petroleum products of  6 Feb 2016 physical and thermodynamic properties, such as specific gravity, atmo- spheric boiling matter. During the low temperature pyrolysis or retorting process the organic matter is Crude shale oils from different oil shales have. Crude oil and petroleum products. Density or specific gravity of crude oil, Factor by "Air & Water" and "Other STD" at 10 different temperatures can be saved. Density is defined as weight per unit volume by the United States Oil and gas industry. reported as g/mL at the specified temperature (g/mL @ 20oC). D1298 - Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum  Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude relative density (specific gravity), or API gravity of petroleum and its products is the hydrometer reading at a temperature close to that of the bulk oil temperature. at either the reference temperature or at another convenient temperature, and 

Four different crude oil samples obtained from Niger Delta region of Nigeria used for the pour points, viscosities, specific gravity and APIg using standard methods. Crude oil samples were reconditioned by heating them to a temperature of 

2 Jun 2015 Viscosity and density were measured in the temperature range from 20 to 160 °C. Crude oil is classified as light or heavy oil based on different physical The specific gravity at 60 °F, API gravity, dynamic viscosity, and true  Specific Gravity Chart. Product. Temperature (˚F). Temperature (˚C). Specific Gravity (SG) Crude oil 48˚ API. 60. 15.6. 0.79. Crude oil 48˚ API. 130. 54.4. 0.76 .

Specific Gravity Chart. Product. Temperature (˚F). Temperature (˚C). Specific Gravity (SG) Crude oil 48˚ API. 60. 15.6. 0.79. Crude oil 48˚ API. 130. 54.4. 0.76 .

Leaks and heat loss reduce the pressure and temperature of the fuel/air In one study, for example, seven fuels with varying distillation profiles and (API) gravity (0.0054 specific gravity decrease) equates to approximately two percent thick and heavy crude oils with relatively high densities are low-gravity crude oils. 12 Jul 2018 Properties specific for certain distillation fractions. • Autoignition Crude Oil as Refinery Feedstock. Crude Oil Specific gravity, γ o Essentially TBP temperatures — wt% basis Expand liquid to three different volume ratios. As the temperature of a liquid or solid increases its vapor pressure also increases . Oil with a specific gravity greater than 1 or an API degree of <10 API. Oil with a crude-oil. Remember: “oil" is a mixture of many different chemicals. gasoline, diesel, fuel oil and crude oil, it was observed that a significant A number of density (or Specific Gravity or API) test methods are discussed in this report. The density at another temperature, Guide 1250 can be used only if the glass  ABSTRACT Ultrasonic flow meters, in addition to calculating flow rate, measure the speed of sound in the fluid at the local fluid pressure and temperature.

4 Mar 2020 Calculate specific gravity for your float switches to help find the right sensor. SMD Fluid Temperature and Liquid Level Sensors When using oils, Buna or NBR floats are best. These floats have low specific gravity, around .5, and will float well in most petroleum products ranging from .7 to .86 SG.

Crude oil and petroleum products. Density or specific gravity of crude oil, Factor by "Air & Water" and "Other STD" at 10 different temperatures can be saved.

The formula to obtain API gravity of petroleum liquids, from specific gravity (SG), is: barrels of crude oil per metric ton=1÷[141.5API gravity+131.5×0.159] Density adjustments at different temperatures, corrections for soda-lime glass